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Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester
Robert Fitzroy, 1st Earl of Gloucester (before 1100 – 31 October 1147〔David Crouch, ‘Robert, first earl of Gloucester (b. before 1100, d. 1147)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 ( accessed 1 Oct 2010 )〕) (''alias'' Robert Rufus, Robert de Caen, Robert Consul〔〔The ''Complete Peerage'' claims only that he is "described" as consul, as are most Earls of his time.〕) was an illegitimate son of King Henry I of England. He was the half-brother of the Empress Matilda, and her chief military supporter during the civil war known as The Anarchy, in which she vied with Stephen of Blois for the throne of England.
== Early life ==
Robert was probably the eldest of Henry's many illegitimate children.〔 He was born before his father's accession to the English throne, either during the reign of his grandfather William the Conqueror or his uncle William Rufus.〔(William of Malmesbury )〕 He is sometimes and erroneously designated as a son of Nest, daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr, last king of Deheubarth, although his mother has been identified as a member of "the Gay or Gayt family of north Oxfordshire",〔David Crouch, ''Historical Research'', 1999〕 possibly a daughter of Rainald Gay (fl. 1086) of Hampton Gay and Northbrook Gay in Oxfordshire. Rainald had known issue Robert Gaay of Hampton (died c. 1138) and Stephen Gay of Northbrook (died after 1154). A number of Oxfordshire women feature as the mothers of Robert's siblings.〔〔C. Given-Wilson & A. Curteis. ''The Royal Bastards of Medieval England'' (London, 1984) (ISBN 0-415-02826-4), page 74〕
He may have been a native of Caen〔 or he may have been only Constable and Governor of that city, jure uxoris.〔("Complete Peerage" Vol IV(1892), p38, "Gloucester", "Robert filius Regis" quoting Round "Consul is often used for Earl in the time of the first age of the Norman Kings" )〕
His father had contracted him in marriage to Mabel FitzHamon, daughter and heir of Robert Fitzhamon, but the marriage was not solemnized until June 1119 at Lisieux.〔〔("Complete Peerage", "Gloucester" )〕 His wife brought him the substantial honours of Gloucester in England and Glamorgan in Wales, and the honours of Sainte-Scholasse-sur-Sarthe and Évrecy in Normandy, as well as Creully. After the White Ship disaster late in 1120, and probably because of this marriage,〔"In the aftermath of the White Ship disaster of 1120, when his younger and legitimate half-brother, William, died, Robert shared in the largesse that the king distributed to reassert his political position. Robert was given the marriage of Mabel, the heir of Robert fitz Haimon, whose lands in the west country and Glamorgan had been in royal wardship since 1107. The marriage also brought Robert the Norman honours of Evrecy and St Scholasse-sur-Sarthe. Robert was raised to the rank of earl of Gloucester soon after, probably by the end of 1121." David Crouch, ‘Robert, first earl of Gloucester (b. before 1100, d. 1147)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 ( accessed 1 Oct 2010 )〕 in 1121 or 1122 his father created him Earl of Gloucester.〔(CP citing Round ) for between May 1121 and the end of 1122, but see (William of Malmesbury, ed Giles who cites 1119 )〕
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